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1.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 29: e2850, 2024. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533843

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a associação da independência funcional com aspectos clínicos de comprometimento neurológico, a localização e extensão do dano neuronal e os fatores sociodemográficos em pacientes na fase aguda do AVC. Método Estudo analítico de recorte transversal, realizado com 90 pacientes adultos e idosos acometidos por AVC isquêmico, que tiveram admissão no ambiente hospitalar nas primeiras 24 horas após o evento vascular. A coleta dos dados referentes aos aspectos clínicos e fatores sociodemográficos foi realizada pelo prontuário eletrônico e/ou entrevista para descrever o perfil dos pacientes, Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project, Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale e a Medida de Independência Funcional. Resultados O comprometimento neurológico, de acordo com a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, foi associado à funcionalidade nas primeiras 24 horas após o AVC. Além disso, a presença de hipertensão arterial, idade, trabalho inativo, tabagismo e extensão do dano neuronal estiveram associados à dependência funcional, mas não permaneceram no modelo final deste estudo. Conclusão A dependência funcional está associada à hipertensão arterial, idade, trabalho inativo, tabagismo, extensão do dano neuronal e grau de comprometimento neurológico nas primeiras 24 horas após o evento vascular. Além disso, um nível mais elevado de comprometimento neurológico foi independentemente associado a níveis aumentados de dependência funcional.


ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the association of functional independence with clinical aspects of neurological impairment, the location and extent of neuronal damage and sociodemographic factors in patients in the acute phase of stroke. Methods Analytical cross-sectional study in 90 adult and older patients affected by ischemic stroke, admitted to the hospital within 24 hours of the vascular event. Sociodemographic factors and clinical aspects data were collected from electronic medical records and/or interviews in order to depict the patients'profile, Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project, Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, and Functional Independence Measure. Results Neurological impairment, according to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, was associated with functioning in the first 24 hours after the stroke. Furthermore, the presence of arterial hypertension, age, inactive work, smoking and extent of neuronal damage were associated with functional dependence, but did not remain in the final model of this study. Conclusion Functional dependence is associated with arterial hypertension, age, inactive work, smoking, extent of neuronal damage, and degree of neurological impairment in the first 24 hours after the vascular event. Furthermore, a higher level of neurological impairment was independently associated with increased levels of functional dependence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Activities of Daily Living , Acute-Phase Reaction , Stroke/complications , Stroke/diagnosis , Functional Status , Sociodemographic Factors , Patients
2.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 46: e20220466, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536925

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective This study aimed at investigating a set of peripheral cytokines in elderly female patients with MDD, comparing them to controls, and assessing the potential influence of clinical comorbidities on inflammatory markers. Methods Twenty-five elderly female patients diagnosed with MDD and 19 age-matched female controls were enrolled on this study. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were evaluated with commercially-available assays. Results Elderly female patients with MDD exhibited higher plasma IL-6 and IL-4 levels when compared to controls. In a logistic regression model taking cytokine levels, comorbidities, and age into account, only type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) remained associated with MDD. Conclusion Diabetes influences the association between MDD and higher levels of cytokines in elderly female patients. Future studies should take this evidence into account in order to mitigate confounding factors.

3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 81(12): 1152-1162, Dec. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527913

ABSTRACT

Abstract Neuropsychiatric or behavioral symptoms of dementia encompass a series of disorders, such as anxiety, depression, apathy, psychosis, and agitation, all commonly present in individuals living with dementia. While they are not required for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), they are ubiquitously present in all stages of the disease, contributing to negative clinical outcomes, including cognitive decline, functional disability, and caregiver burden. Neuropsychiatric symptoms have been conceptualized not only as risk factors but as clinical markers of decline along the AD spectrum. The concept of "mild behavioral impairment", the behavioral correlate of mild cognitive impairment, has been proposed within this framework. The first steps in the management of behavioral symptoms in AD involve defining the target and investigating potential causes and/or aggravating factors. Once these factors are addressed, non-pharmacological approaches are preferred as first-line interventions. Following the optimization of anticholinesterase treatments, specific pharmacological approaches (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics) can be considered weighing potential side effects.


Resumo Sintomas neuropsiquiátricos ou comportamentais de demência envolvem uma série de condições, como ansiedade, depressão, apatia, psicose e agitação, frequentemente observadas em indivíduos com demência. Embora esses sintomas não sejam necessários para o diagnóstico da doença de Alzheimer, estão presentes em todas as fases ou estágios da doença, contribuindo negativamente para o declínio cognitivo, comprometimento funcional e sobrecarga do cuidador. Os sintomas neuropsiquiátricos têm sido conceituados não apenas como fatores de risco, mas também como marcadores clínicos de progressão da doença de Alzheimer. O construto "comprometimento comportamental leve", correlato comportamental do comprometimento cognitive leve, tem sido proposto nesse contexto. Os primeiros passos na abordagem dos sintomas comportamentais da doença de Alzheimer envolvem definir os alvos-terapêuticos e investigar potenciais causas ou fatores agravantes. Após intervir nesses fatores, abordagens não farmacológicas constituem a primeira linha de intervenção. Depois da otimização do tratamento anticolinesterásico, terapias farmacológicas específicas (por exemplo, antidepressivos, antipsicóticos) podem ser consideradas, levando-se em conta potencias efeitos colaterais.

4.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 45(2): 132-136, Mar.-Apr. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439552

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Bipolar disorder type 1 (BD1) and behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) share similar behavioral and cognitive symptoms, rendering the differential diagnosis between them a clinical challenge. We investigated the accuracy of social cognition (SC) measures to differentiate bvFTD from BD. Methods: We included three groups of participants: early-onset BD1 (in remission, n=20), bvFTD (n=18), and cognitively healthy controls (HC) (n=40), matched for age, schooling, and sex. All participants underwent cognitive assessment, including the Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) and Modified Faux-Pas (mFP) tests, which assess mentalizing. Results: Compared to HC, BD1 and bvFTD patients underperformed on both SC measures. BD1 and bvFTD did not differ regarding FER or mFP total scores, although patients with bvFTD had significantly higher difficulties than those in the BD1 group to detect social faux-pas (p < 0.001, d = 1.35). Conclusion: BD1 and bvFTD share deficits in the core SC functions. These findings should be considered in the development of tasks aiming to improve clinical differentiation between the two disorders.

5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 81(2): 119-127, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439424

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background The diagnosis of cognitive disorders in Parkinson disease (PD) can be very challenging. Aiming at establishing uniform and reliable diagnostic procedures, the International Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) commissioned task forces to delineate diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in PD. Objectives To investigate the applicability of the MDS recommendations for cognitive evaluation in a Brazilian sample of patients with PD with low levels of formal education. Methods A total of 41 patients with PD were subjected to a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation based on tests proposed by the MDS, which included the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), the Trail Making Test (TMT) parts A and B, in addition to language and memory skills assessment. Neuropsychiatric and daily functioning features were also evaluated. Spearman correlation analyses were used to evaluate the association between the scores obtained in the cognitive scales and demographic/clinical variables. Results Although none of the participants had a formal diagnosis of dementia, 50% presented some degree of cognitive impairment when considering the results of the MDRS. Of note, a noticeable number of patients was not able to complete the full neuropsychological assessment. The TMT part B was the most difficult task, being completed by only 22 participants (54%). As expected, the greater the educational level, the better the performance on the cognitive tests. Better motor function was also associated with better scores in cognition. Conclusions Adopting strict inclusion/exclusion criteria and a comprehensive clinical evaluation, we found remarkable limitations for the MDS recommendations when individuals with low educational levels are considered. A revision of the current guidelines is necessary considering differences among populations, especially related to formal education.


Resumo Antecedentes O diagnóstico de distúrbios cognitivos na doença de Parkinson (DP) pode ser muito desafiador. Com o objetivo de estabelecer procedimentos diagnósticos uniformes e confiáveis, a Sociedade Internacional da Doença de Parkinson e Distúrbios do Movimento (MDS, na sigla em inglês) encomendou forças-tarefa para delinear critérios diagnósticos para comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL) e demência na DP. Objetivos Investigar a aplicabilidade das recomendações da MDS para avaliação cognitiva em uma amostra brasileira de pacientes com DP de baixa escolaridade. Métodos Um total de 41 pacientes com DP foram submetidos a uma avaliação neuropsicológica abrangente com base nos testes propostos pela MDS, que incluiu o Miniexame do Estado Mental, a Escala de Avaliação de Demência de Mattis (MDRS, na sigla em inglês), o teste de trilhas (TMT, na sigla em inglês) partes A e B, além da avaliação das habilidades de linguagem e memória. Características neuropsiquiátricas e de funcionamento diário também foram avaliadas. Análises de correlação de Spearman foram utilizadas para avaliar a associação entre os escores obtidos nas escalas cognitivas e variáveis demográficas/clínicas. Resultados Apesar de nenhum dos participantes ter diagnóstico formal de demência, 50% apresentaram algum grau de comprometimento cognitivo ao levar em consideração os resultados da MDRS. Vale ressaltar que um número notável de pacientes não conseguiu completar a avaliação neuropsicológica completa. A parte B do TMT foi a tarefa mais difícil, sendo realizada por apenas 22 participantes (54%). Como esperado, quanto maior o nível educacional, melhor o desempenho nos testes cognitivos. Melhor função motora também foi associada a melhores escores em cognição. Conclusões Adotando critérios rígidos de inclusão/exclusão e uma avaliação clínica abrangente, encontramos limitações marcantes para as recomendações da MDS quando considerados indivíduos com baixa escolaridade. É necessária uma revisão das diretrizes atuais considerando as diferenças entre as populações, principalmente relacionadas ao nível educacional.

6.
Adv Rheumatol ; 63: 8, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447137

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives BDNF has been implicated in the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), especially its neuropsychiatric symptoms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the profile of blood BDNF levels in patients with SLE. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for papers that compared BDNF levels in SLE patients and healthy controls (HCs). The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the included publications, and statistical analyses were carried out using R 4.0.4. Results The final analysis included eight studies totaling 323 healthy controls and 658 SLE patients. Meta-analysis did not show statistically significant differences in blood BDNF concentrations in SLE patients compared to HCs (SMD 0.08, 95% CI [− 1.15; 1.32], P value = 0.89). After removing outliers, there was no significant change in the results: SMD -0.3868 (95% CI [− 1.17; 0.39], P value = 0.33. Univariate meta-regression analysis revealed that sample size, number of males, NOS score, and mean age of the SLE participants accounted for the heterogeneity of the studies (R2 were 26.89%, 16.53%, 18.8%, and 49.96%, respectively). Conclusion In conclusion, our meta-analysis found no significant association between blood BDNF levels and SLE. The potential role and relevance of BDNF in SLE need to be further examined in higher quality studies.

7.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 16(3): 276-283, July-Sept. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1404470

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Cognition is not routinely assessed in patients with MS though they frequently have cognitive complaints or dysfunction. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the cognitive status of patients with MS with age, sex, and schooling matched controls and to evaluate the potential influence of clinical parameters on cognition. Methods: A total of 35 patients with MS (mean±SD age 37.9 years±11.44, M/F: 12/23) and 33 healthy controls (mean±SD age 38.8 years±12.6, M/F: 12/21) were enrolled in this study. All subjects underwent a structured clinical assessment and the cognitive tools are as follows: Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Digit Span, and Verbal Fluency Tests (letters F, A, and S and animal category). Psychopathology was assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was used for patients. Results: Patients performed worse than controls in almost all tests, with approximately 70% of patients presenting cognitive impairment. The most affected cognitive domain was episodic memory (45.7%), followed by verbal fluency (42.8%) and information processing speed (22.8%). SDMT was inversely correlated with disease severity, as assessed by the EDSS. Depression did not influence cognitive performance in this cohort. Conclusions: Cognitive dysfunction is common among patients with MS. While motor impairment was associated with information processing speed, depression did not influence cognitive performance.


RESUMO A esclerose múltipla (EM) é a doença desmielinizante mais comum do sistema nervoso central. A cognição não é rotineiramente avaliada nos pacientes apesar da ocorrência frequente de queixas ou disfunção cognitivas. Objetivo: Comparar o perfil de pacientes com EM com controles pareados por idade, sexo e escolaridade e investigar a potencial influência de parâmetros clínicos na cognição. Métodos: Trinta e cinco pacientes com EM (idade média±desvio padrão [DP] 37,9 anos±11,44, H/M: 12/23) e 33 controles saudáveis (idade média±DP 38,8 anos±12,6, H/M: 12/21) foram incluídos neste estudo. Todos os participantes passaram por avaliação clínica estruturada e por testagem cognitiva com os seguintes instrumentos: Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Digit Span e testes de fluências verbais (letras F, A e S e categoria-animais). A psicopatologia foi investigada com a Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview e com o Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) foi aplicada nos pacientes. Resultados: Pacientes tiveram desempenho pior que os controles na maioria dos testes — 70% deles tiveram déficit cognitivo. A função cognitiva mais frequentemente afetada foi memória episódica (45,7%), seguida por fluência verbal (42,8%) e velocidade de processamento (22,8%). A pontuação no SDMT correlacionou-se inversamente com a gravidade da doença, medida pela EDSS. A depressão não influenciou o desempenho cognitivo nesta série de pacientes. Conclusões: Declínio cognitivo é comum em pacientes com EM. Enquanto o déficit motor se associou com a velocidade de processamento, a depressão não influenciou o desempenho cognitivo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Multiple Sclerosis , Central Nervous System Diseases
8.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 80(4): 410-423, Apr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374469

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem worldwide. Although TBI is common in developing countries, there are few epidemiological studies. Objective: To investigate the sociodemographic and clinical features of patients with TBI at the Hospital João XXIII, a public reference center for trauma in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, and to systematically review the available literature on TBI in Brazil. Methods: Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected from electronic medical records for the entire month of July 2016. The literature on epidemiology of TBI in Brazil was systematically reviewed using MeSH/DeCS descriptors in the PubMed and Lilacs databases. Results: Most patients admitted with TBI were male and under 60 years of age. Mild TBI was the most prevalent form and the most common cause of TBI was falls. A Glasgow Coma Scale score below 12, neuroimaging changes on computer tomography, and presence of any medical conditions were significantly associated with longer hospital stay. Brazilian studies showed that TBI affected mainly men and young adults. In addition, mild TBI was the most common TBI severity reported and the most common causes were motor vehicle accidents and falls. Conclusions: Overall, the profile of TBI in this center reflects the data from other Brazilian studies.


RESUMO Antecedentes: O traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) representa, mundialmente, um problema sério de saúde pública. Apesar de o TCE ser prevalente em países em desenvolvimento, estudos epidemiológicos permanecem escassos. Objetivo: Investigar as características sociodemográficas e clínicas de pacientes acometidos por TCE no Hospital João XXIII - centro de referência em trauma situado em Belo Horizonte, Brasil - e revisar sistematicamente toda a literatura disponível sobre o TCE no Brasil. Métodos: Os dados clínicos e sociodemográficos foram coletados apenas para o mês de julho, 2016, por meio de prontuários eletrônicos. A literatura sobre a epidemiologia do TCE no Brasil foi sistematicamente revisada usando descritores Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)/Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) nos bancos de dados PubMed e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs). Resultados: Os pacientes acometidos por TCE eram em sua maioria homens com menos de 60 anos. O TCE leve foi a gravidade mais prevalente entre os casos. O TCE foi causado principalmente por quedas. Escores menores que 12 na escala de Coma de Glasgow mais alterações de neuroimagem em tomografia computadorizada e a presença de qualquer comorbidade médica estão significativamente associados à maior estadia hospitalar. Estudos brasileiros demonstraram que o TCE acomete principalmente homens e adultos jovens. Além disso, o TCE leve foi a gravidade mais comum reportada, e os mecanismos de TCE mais comuns foram acidentes automobilísticos e quedas. Conclusões: O perfil de pacientes acometidos por TCE no centro de referência em questão reflete os dados de outros estudos brasileiros.

9.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 44(1): 26-34, Jan.-Feb. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360175

ABSTRACT

Objective: To test the hypothesis that genetic variations of cannabinoid receptors contribute to the pathophysiology of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Methods: In this genetic association case-control study, cannabinoid receptor polymorphisms CNR1 rs12720071 and CNR2 rs2229579 were tested for association with neurocognitive performance in 69 patients with schizophrenia and 45 healthy controls. Neurocognition was assessed by the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Results: We found a consistent association between CNR1 rs12720071 polymorphism and the cognitive performance of patients in several cognitive domains. Patients with C/C polymorphism presented significantly worse performance in motor speed, verbal fluency, attention/processing speed and reasoning/problem solving. Conclusion: Although limited, our data support the hypothesis that CNR1 variations may be associated with the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits of schizophrenia.

10.
Psicol. (Univ. Brasília, Online) ; 38: e38217, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1406332

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a cognição socioemocional e as funções executivas em pacientes com Transtorno Depressivo Maior unipolar. A amostra incluiu 22 pacientes entre 36 e 93 anos de idade (M = 59,32; DP = 12,89) e 23 indivíduos controles entre 30 e 81 anos de idade (M = 63,00; DP = 13,56). Além de dados demográficos, foram avaliados sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão, empatia, teoria da mente, reconhecimento de emoções, controle inibitório, flexibilidade cognitiva e fluência verbal. Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos quanto à idade e à escolaridade. Os pacientes apresentaram significativamente mais ansiedade, depressão e angústia pessoal do que os controles. Indivíduos com sintomas depressivos mais graves apresentaram menor velocidade de processamento.


Abstract The present study aimed to assess socioemotional cognition and executive functions in patients with unipolar Major Depressive Disorder. The sample included 22 patients between 36 and 93 years of age (M = 59.32; SD = 12.89) and 23 patients between 30 and 81 years of age (M = 63.00; SD = 13.56) controls. In addition to demographic data, symptoms of anxiety and depression, empathy, theory of mind, recognition of emotions, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and phonemic verbal fluency were obtained. There was no statistical difference between the groups regarding age and education. Patients had significantly more anxiety, depression and personal distress than controls. Individuals with more severe depressive symptoms had a lower processing speed than the others.

11.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 55: e0575, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387530

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Despite substantial progress toward its control, Chagas disease continues to be a major public health problem in Latin America and has become a global health concern. The disease affects approximately 6 million people, of whom 20-40% will develop cardiomyopathy over the years after the initial Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Chagas cardiomyopathy is the most serious and frequent manifestation of Chagas disease. Clinical manifestations vary widely according to the severity of myocardial dysfunction, ranging from asymptomatic to severe forms, including dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure, arrhythmias, thromboembolism events, and sudden death. Chagas disease is a risk factor for stroke regardless of the severity of cardiomyopathy, which is a leading cause of chronic disability. Classically, stroke etiology in patients with Chagas disease is thought to be cardioembolic and related to apical aneurysm, mural thrombus, and atrial arrhythmias. Although most strokes are thromboembolic, other etiologies have been observed. Small vessel disease, atherosclerosis, and cryptogenic diseases have been reported in patients with Chagas disease and stroke. The potential mechanisms involved in non-embolic strokes include the presence of associated risk factors, pro-inflammatory and prothrombotic disease states, and endothelial dysfunction. However, the contribution of each mechanism to stroke in Chagas disease remains unclear. The review aims to provide an overview of stroke in Chagas disease, highlighting the main pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical presentation, approaches for prevention, and unanswered questions regarding treatment strategies.

12.
aSEPHallus ; 17(34): 82-91, 2022.
Article in French | LILACS | ID: biblio-1400209

ABSTRACT

Pour discuter le thème plus général de l'invention qui se présente dans la clinique psychanalytique, cet article propose de penser la question des solutions de contournement comme des cas particuliers d'invention marqués par la dimension de la précarité. Cette précarité nous intéresse dans la mesure où elle nous permet d'accéder à une lecture non idéalisée de ce que Lacan formule comme invention sur le destin donné au symptôme dans le terme d'une psychanalyse, qui serait une manière de faire avec quelque chose pour laquelle il n'y a pas de programmation symbolique définie. Dans cette perspective, nous pensons que la pratique du psychanalyste actualise le bricolage de la solution de contournement comme une fuite vers la singularité inventive.


Visando discutir o tema mais geral da invenção que se apresenta no âmbito da clínica psicanalítica, este trabalho propõe pensar a questão da gambiarra como um caso particular de invenção marcada pela dimensão da precariedade. Essa precariedade interessa na medida em que nos permite alcançar uma leitura não idealizada do que Lacan formula como invenção acerca do destino dado ao sintoma no termo de uma psicanálise, que seria um modo de se haver com algo para o qual não se dispõe de uma programação simbólica definida. Nessa perspectiva, acreditamos que a prática do psicanalista atualiza a bricolagem da gambiarra como um escape para a singularidade inventiva.


In order to discuss the more general theme of the invention that presents itself in the scope of psychoanalytic clinic, this work propose to think about the issue of the workaround as a particular case of invention marked by the dimension of precariousness. This precariousness is of interest hereto the extent that it allows us to achieve a non-idealized reading of what Lacan formulates as an invention to describe the destiny given to the symptom at the end of a psychoanalysis, which would be a way of dealing with something for which there is no predefined symbolic setting. From this perspective, we believe that the psychoanalyst's practice updates the DIY aspect of the workaround as an escape towards the inventive singularity.


Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis , Signs and Symptoms , Inventions
13.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 57(4): 5-8, out.-dez. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1359194

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease marked by fluctuating course of muscle weakness. OBJECTIVES: The current study was designed to evaluate plasma levels of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, IFN-γ, and IL17A) in patients with MG and controls and to investigate whether cytokines levels are associated with clinical parameters. This study was conducted at the Neuromuscular Diseases Outpatient Clinic, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil. METHODS: Peripheral blood was drawn, and plasma levels of cytokines were measured by cytometric bead array (CBA) in 80 treated patients with MG and 50 controls. The MG Composite (MGC) was used to evaluate muscle weakness and severity of typical motor symptoms of MG. RESULTS: Patients with MG undergoing treatment exhibit lower levels of all evaluated cytokines compared to controls. There was a negative correlation between IL-6 levels and the MG Composite score, indicating that higher levels of IL-6 were associated with better control of the disease. CONCLUSION: This exploratory study suggests that IL-6 is associated with MG clinical status, as assessed by the MGC.


INTRODUÇÃO: A Miastenia Gravis (MG) é uma doença autoimune caracterizada por fraqueza muscular flutuante. OBJETIVOS: avaliar os níveis plasmáticos de citocinas (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, IFN-γ, e IL-17A) em pacientes com MG e controles e investigar se essas citocinas estão associadas com parâmetros clínicos. Este estudo foi conduzido no ambulatório de doenças neuromusculares do Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foi coletado sangue periféricos e os níveis plasmáticos das citocinas foram medidos por citometria em 80 pacientes com MG tratados e em 50 controles. O MG composite (MGC) foi utilizado para avaliar a fraqueza muscular e a gravidade dos sintomas motores típicos da MG. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes com MG em tratamento apresentaram menores níveis de todas as citocinas avaliadas comparados ao controle. Houve uma correlação negativa entre os níveis de IL-6 e o MGC, indicando que altos níveis de IL-6 estão associados com melhor controle da doença. CONCLUSÃO: este estudo exploratório sugere que a IL-6 está associada com o status clínico da MG, quando avaliado pelo MGC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Cytokines/blood , Interleukin-6 , Myasthenia Gravis/diagnosis , Myasthenia Gravis/immunology , Myasthenia Gravis/drug therapy , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Blood Specimen Collection , Muscle Weakness
14.
Gerais (Univ. Fed. Juiz Fora) ; 14(2): 1-24, maio-ago. 2021. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1286608

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo pretende abordar o Acompanhamento Terapêutico (AT) e sua prática a partir do viés da psicanálise, o qual questionamos enquanto método para o AT. Discorreremos sobre a história da loucura, compreendendo quais posições o louco ocupou na sociedade e ressaltando o papel do discurso científico em seu tratamento. Veremos como a Reforma Psiquiátrica possibilitou a liberdade do tratamento, bem como o surgimento do AT. Considerando a especificidade do AT no encontro com o contingente, analisaremos o conceito aristotélico da prudência, que se articula com a contingência, visto que discursamos acerca de uma clínica em movimento que se depara com variáveis não controláveis. A prudência nos dirá de um saber que se manifesta a partir da contingência, logo, pensaremos nessa lógica a serviço de um método que se constrói na colocação em ato. Concluímos ressaltando a função política do AT de sempre reforçar o cuidado em liberdade.


The present study intends to approach Therapeutic Accompaniment (TA) and its practice from the perspective of psychoanalysis, which we question as a method for TA. We will discuss the history of madness, understanding what positions the madman occupied in society and emphasizing the role of scientific discourse in his treatment. We will see how the Psychiatric Reform enabled the freedom of treatment, as well as the emergence of TA. Considering the specificity of TA in the encounter with the contingent, we will analyze the Aristotelian concept of prudence, which is articulated with contingency, since we discuss about a moving clinic that is faced with uncontrollable variables. Prudence will tell us of a knowledge that manifests itself from contingency, so we will think of this logic at the service of a method that is built in putting into action. We conclude by emphasizing the political function of the TA, of always reinforce care in freedom.


Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis , Therapeutics , Psychiatry , Empathy , Patient Care
15.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 43(3): 269-276, May-June 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249196

ABSTRACT

Objective: Sepsis survivors present a wide range of sequelae; few studies have evaluated psychiatric disorders after sepsis. The objective of this study was to define the prevalence of and risk factors for anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in sepsis survivors. Method: Anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms in severe sepsis and septic shock survivors 24 h and 1 year after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge were assessed using the Beck Anxiety/Depression Inventories and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. Differences in psychiatric symptoms over time and the influence of variables on these symptoms were calculated with marginal models. Results: A total of 33 patients were enrolled in the study. The frequencies of anxiety, depression and PTSD 24 h after ICU discharge were 67%, 49%, and 46%, respectively and, among patients re-evaluated 1 year after ICU discharge, the frequencies were 38%, 50%, and 31%, respectively. Factors associated with PTSD included serum S100B level, age, and Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) score. Factors associated with depression included patient age and cumulative dose of dobutamine. IQCODE score and cumulative dose of haloperidol in the ICU were associated with anxiety after ICU discharge. Conclusion: Patients who survive sepsis have high levels of psychiatric symptoms. Sepsis and associated treatment-related exposures may have a role in increasing the risk of subsequent depression, anxiety, and PTSD.


Subject(s)
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Sepsis , Anxiety/etiology , Anxiety/epidemiology , Patient Discharge , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Survivors , Depression/etiology , Depression/epidemiology , Intensive Care Units
16.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 15(2): 223-229, Apr.-June 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286199

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT. The co-occurrence of post-stroke behavioral disorders and cognitive impairment has been extensively investigated. However, studies usually do not include social cognition among the assessed cognitive domains. Objective: To investigate the potential association between facial emotion recognition, a measure of social cognition, and behavioral and cognitive symptoms in the subacute phase of ischemic stroke. Methods: Patients admitted to a Stroke Unit with ischemic stroke were followed up to 60 days. At this time point, they were evaluated with the following tools: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB); Visual Memory Test of the Brief Cognitive Battery (VMT); Phonemic Verbal Fluency (F-A-S Test); Digit Span; Facial Emotion Recognition Test (FERT) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A control group composed of 21 healthy individuals also underwent the same evaluation. Results: Eighteen patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled in this study. They had similar age, sex and schooling years compared to controls. Depression symptoms and episodic memory deficits were significantly more frequent in patients compared to controls. The recognition of sadness expression positively correlated with the levels of anxiety and depression, while and the recognition of fear expression negatively correlated with depression in the stroke group. Conclusions: After an ischemic stroke, patients exhibit impairment in social cognition skills, specifically facial emotion recognition, in association with behavioral symptoms.


RESUMO. A co-ocorrência de distúrbios comportamentais e comprometimento cognitivo pós-acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é amplamente descrita na literatura. No entanto, os estudos geralmente não incluem a cognição social entre os domínios cognitivos avaliados. Objetivo: Investigar a potencial associação entre o reconhecimento da emoção facial, uma medida da cognição social, e os sintomas comportamentais e cognitivos na fase subaguda do AVC isquêmico. Métodos: Pacientes internados em uma Unidade de AVC com AVC isquêmico foram acompanhados até 60 dias, quando foram avaliados com os seguintes instrumentos: Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM); Bateria de Avaliação Frontal (FAB); Teste de Memória Visual da Bateria Cognitiva Breve (VMT); Fluência Verbal Fonêmica (Teste F-A-S); Span de dígitos; Teste de Reconhecimento de Emoção Facial (FERT) e Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS). Um grupo controle constituído por 21 indivíduos saudáveis também foi submetido à mesma avaliação. Resultados: Dezoito pacientes com AVC isquêmico foram incluídos no presente estudo, apresentando idade, sexo e anos de escolaridade semelhantes aos do grupo controle. Os sintomas de depressão e déficits de memória episódica foram significativamente mais frequentes em pacientes com AVC. O reconhecimento da expressão de tristeza correlacionou-se positivamente com os níveis de ansiedade e depressão, ao passo que o reconhecimento da expressão de medo correlacionou-se negativamente com depressão no grupo de AVC. Conclusões: Após um AVC isquêmico, pacientes podem apresentar alterações de cognição social, especificamente de reconhecimento da emoção facial, em associação com sintomas comportamentais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cognition , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Stroke , Depression , Cognitive Dysfunction
17.
Psicol. rev. (Belo Horizonte) ; 26(3): 959-979, set.-dez. 2020. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1507236

ABSTRACT

No contexto de uma predominância de práticas avaliativas e de vigilância que incidem nos diversos domínios da vida contemporânea, este artigo tem como objetivo elucidar os efeitos do apagamento da exceção na Contemporaneidade sob o viés psicanalítico. Do discurso do mestre antigo ao discurso do mestre moderno, universitário e capitalista, o saber obtido pelo cálculo da utilidade e do valor passa a orientar as decisões políticas e individuais. Diante dessa realidade, a administração burocrática se direciona aos sujeitos, visando a homogeneizá-los e submetê-los ao ideal de transparência moderno, garantido pelo saber extraído e decodificado pelos instrumentos de avaliação. A psicanálise recolhe os efeitos desse laço social contemporâneo, mas, de forma distinta do discurso dominante, oferece outro destino ao íntimo, ao que do gozo não pode ser contabilizado e homogeneizado.


In the context of a predominance of evaluative and surveillance practices which fall upon various domains of contemporary life, this article aims to elucidate the erasing of exception paths and effects on contemporaneity from a psychoanalytic standpoint. From the ancient master’s discourse to the modern master’s discourse, academic and capitalist, the knowledge obtained by utility and value measures starts to direct political and individual decisions, previously guided by tradition. In the face of this reality, the bureaucratic administration gear towards the subjects, striving for homogenizing and subordinating them to the modern ideal of transparency, guaranteed by the knowledge extracted and decoded by the evaluation apparatus. Psychoanalysis garners the effects from this contemporary social bond, but, in a distinct way from that of the dominant discourse, offers another destiny to the intimate, to the jouissance that can be neither accounted for, nor homogenized.


En el contexto de un predominio de prácticas evaluativas y de vigilancia que inciden en los diversos dominios de la vida contemporánea, este artículo tiene como objetivo elucidar los efectos de la supresión de la excepción en la contemporaneidad bajo el enfoque psicoanalítico. Del discurso del viejo maestro al discurso del maestro moderno, universitario y capitalista, el conocimiento adquirido por el cálculo de la utilidad y del valor empieza a guiar las decisiones políticas e individuales. Ante esta realidad, la administración burocrática se dirige a los sujetos con el fin de homogeneizarlos y someterlos al ideal de la transparencia moderno, garantizado por el conocimiento extraído y decodificado por los instrumentos de evaluación. El psicoanálisis recoge los efectos de ese lazo social contemporáneo, pero, de forma distinta del discurso dominante, ofrece otro destino al íntimo, en el que el goce no puede ser contabilizado y homogeneizado.


Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis , Psychology , Capitalism
18.
Enferm. foco (Brasília) ; 11(5): 187-193, dez. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1177751

ABSTRACT

Objetivo:Identificar as características de resiliência de pessoas com DM após cirurgia de amputação, e a relação entre as características identificadas e o tempo de amputação. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em um hospital de emergência, envolvendo 80 pessoas. Foram utilizados questionário sociodemográfico para caracterização da amostra e a Escala de Resiliência para Adultos. No estudo de relação, foi aplicado o Teste de Correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Predomínio do sexo masculino, média de idade (58±10,4), casados, etnia parda, trabalhador formal/aposentado, baixa escolaridade. A escala apresentou alfa de Cronbach (α=0,849), com escore global (M=4,9), competência social (M=5.2±1,4), coesão familiar (M=5.1±1,3), percepção de si mesmo (M=5.0±1,0), recursos sociais (M=5.0±1,3), estilo estruturado (M=4.4±1,4) e futuro planejado (M=4.3±1,4). Conclusão: Evidenciado nível de resiliência elevado para as características competência social, coesão familiar, percepção de si mesmo e recursos sociais, pois apresentaram maior média, embora todos os fatores tenham apresentado média acima do ponto de corte da escala, sugerindo um nível de resiliência equânime em todos. No entanto, as características de resiliência não apresentaram relação com o tempo de amputação. (AU)


Objective: To identify the resistance characteristics of people with Diabetes Mellitus submitted to amputation surgery, and the relationship between the identified characteristics and the time of amputation. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out in an emergency hospital, involving 80 people. A sociodemographic questionnaire was used to characterize the Resilience Scale for Adults. No relationship studies were applied or the Spearman Correlation Test. Results: Male predominance, Middle age (58 ± 10.4), married, mixed race, formal / residential worker, high school. On Cronbach's alpha scale (α = 0.849), with global score (M = 4.9), social competence (M = 5.2 ± 1.4), family relationship (M = 5.1 ± 1.3), perception of being equal (M = 5.0 ± 1.0), social resources (M = 5.0 ± 1.3), structured style (M = 4.4 ± 1.4) and planned future (M = 4 , 3 ± 1.4). Conclusion: Evidence of a high level of resilience for the characteristics of social competence, family cooperation, perception of the same social resources, presented by the highest media, incorporates all the parents presented by the cut-off point of the scale, suggesting a level of equity. resilience. in all. However, the characteristics of resilience will not be related to the time of the amputation. (AU)


Objetivo: Identificar las características de resistencia de las personas con Diabetes Mellitus sometidas a cirugía de amputación, y la relación entre las características identificadas y el momento de la amputación. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado en un hospital de urgencias, con 80 personas. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico para caracterizar la Escala de Resiliencia para Adultos. No se aplicaron estudios de relación ni la prueba de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: Predominio masculino, edad media (58 ± 10.4), casado, mestizo, trabajador formal / residencial, bachillerato. En la escala alfa de Cronbach (α = 0.849), con puntaje global (M = 4.9), competencia social (M = 5.2 ± 1.4), relación familiar (M = 5.1 ± 1.3), percepción de ser igual (M = 5.0 ± 1.0), recursos sociales (M = 5.0 ± 1.3), estilo estructurado (M = 4.4 ± 1.4) y futuro planificado (M = 4 , 3 ± 1.4). Conclusión: La evidencia de un alto nivel de resiliencia para las características de competencia social, cooperación familiar, percepción de los mismos recursos sociales, presentada por los medios de comunicación más altos, incorpora a todos los padres presentados por el punto de corte de la escala, lo que sugiere un nivel de equidad. resiliencia en todos. Sin embargo, las características de la resiliencia no estarán relacionadas con el momento de la amputación. (AU)


Subject(s)
Resilience, Psychological , Nursing , Diabetes Mellitus , Amputation, Surgical
19.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 78(5): 262-268, May 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131708

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) scale was developed for monitoring early ischemic changes on CT, being associated with clinical outcomes. The ASPECTS can also associate with peripheral biomarkers that reflect the pathophysiological response of the brain to the ischemic stroke. Objective: To investigate the association between peripheral biomarkers with the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) in individuals after ischemic stroke. Methods: Patients over 18 years old with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled in this study. No patient was eligible for thrombolysis. The patients were submitted to non-contrast CT in the first 24 hours of admission, being the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score and clinical and molecular evaluations applied on the same day. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin scale and the Mini-Mental State Examination for clinical evaluation were also applied to all subjects. Plasma levels of BDNF, VCAM-1, VEGF, IL-1β, sTNFRs and adiponectin were determined by ELISA. Results: Worse neurological impairment (NIHSS), cognitive (MEEM) and functional (Rankin) performance was observed in the group with changes in the NCTT. Patients with NCTT changes also exhibited higher levels of IL-1β and adiponectin. In the linear multivariate regression, an adjusted R coefficient of 0.515 was found, indicating adiponectin and NIHSS as independent predictors of ASPECTS. Conclusion: Plasma levels of adiponectin are associated with the ASPECTS scores.


RESUMO Introdução: A Alberta Stroke Early Score (ASPECTS) foi desenvolvida para monitorização de alterações isquêmicas precoces na tomografia computadorizada de crânio, estando associada a desfechos clínicos. A ASPECTS também pode se associar aos biomarcadores periféricos que refletem a resposta fisiopatológica do cérebro ao AVC isquêmico. Objetivo: Investigar à associação entre os parâmetros periféricos com a Alberta Stroke Early Score (ASPECTS) em indivíduos após acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico. Métodos: Pacientes acima de 18 anos com AVC isquêmico agudo foram incluídos neste estudo. Nenhum paciente foi elegível para trombólise. Os pacientes foram submetidos à tomografia computadorizada sem contraste nas primeiras 24 horas da admissão, a ASPECTS e as avaliações clínicas e moleculares aplicadas no mesmo dia. O National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), a escala de Rankin modificada e o Mini Exame do Estado Mental para avaliação clínica também foram aplicados a todos os indivíduos. Os níveis plasmáticos de BDNF, VCAM-1, VEGF, IL-1β, sTNFRs e adiponectina foram determinados por ELISA. Resultados: Pior desempenho neurológico (NIHSS), cognitivo (MEEM) e funcional (Rankin) foram observados no grupo com alterações na ASPECTS. Pacientes com alterações na ASPECTS também exibiram níveis mais altos de IL-1β e adiponectina. Na regressão multivariada linear, foi encontrado um coeficiente R ajustado de 0,515, indicando adiponectina e NIHSS como preditores independentes para a ASPECTS. Conclusão: Os níveis plasmáticos de adiponectina estão associados aos escores da ASPECTS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Brain Ischemia , Stroke , Thrombolytic Therapy , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Alberta
20.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 14(1): 1-6, Jan.-Mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089817

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT. The relationship between depressive disorders in the elderly and dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), is highly complex. While the nature of this relationship is still a matter of debate, differential diagnosis and treatment remain a great clinical challenge. We review recent findings on the conundrum of depressive disorders in the elderly and AD. There is a biological continuum between depressive disorders in the elderly ­ or at least a subgroup of them ­ and AD. While elderly subjects with depression and patients with AD exhibit higher circulating levels of pro-inflammatory molecules and lower BDNF than matched controls, CSF levels of Aß42 can discriminate AD from depressive disorders in the elderly. The role of antidepressant treatment as a strategy to minimize the risk of AD remains to be established.


RESUMO. A relação entre transtornos depressivos em idosos e demência, particularmente a doença de Alzheimer (DA), é altamente complexa. Embora a natureza desse relacionamento ainda seja motivo de debate, o diagnóstico e o tratamento diferenciais continuam sendo um grande desafio clínico. Revisamos descobertas recentes sobre o dilema de transtornos depressivos em idosos e DA. Existe um contínuo biológico entre os transtornos depressivos em idosos ­ ou pelo menos um subgrupo deles ­ e a DA. Enquanto indivíduos idosos com depressão e pacientes com DA exibem níveis circulantes mais altos de moléculas pró-inflamatórias e menor BDNF do que os controles correspondentes, os níveis de Aß42 no LCR podem discriminar a DA de distúrbios depressivos em idosos. O papel do tratamento antidepressivo como estratégia para minimizar o risco de DA ainda precisa ser estabelecido.


Subject(s)
Humans , Therapeutics , Dementia , Depression , Diagnosis, Differential , Alzheimer Disease
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